Kedu ihe bụ Ngwa Mgbanwe Agba?
Ngwa mgbanwe usoro (PCMs) bụ ihe na-amịkọrọ ma na-ahapụ nnukwu ike ọkụ n'oge ntụgharị nke usoro, na-adịkarị n'etiti steeti siri ike na mmiri mmiri. Ihe ndị a na-echekwa okpomọkụ dị ka ike latent kama ibuli okpomọkụ, na-enye ha ohere idobe okpomọkụ ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile ka ha na-echekwa ma ọ bụ na-ewepụta ike dị ukwuu.
Otu esi agbanwe ihe akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ
Usoro dị n'azụ PCM gbadoro ụkwụ na nchekwa ọkụ latent. Mgbe ị na-ekpo ọkụ ice, ọ na-amịkọrọ ume iji gbanwee site na siri ike gaa na mmiri mmiri na 0 degrees na-enweghị mmụba okpomọkụ{2} nke a bụ ụkpụrụ mgbanwe usoro nke PCM na-erigbu maka njikwa okpomọkụ.
N'oge mgbanwe nke oge, PCM na-etinye ike okpomọkụ (usoro endothermic) mgbe ọ na-agbaze ma hapụ ya (usoro exothermic) mgbe ọ na-esi ike. Ike a na-echekwa n'otu nkeji karịrị nke ngwa ngwa. Mmiri, dịka ọmụmaatụ, chọrọ 333.55 J / g iji gbazee, mana naanị 4.18 J / g iji bulie okpomọkụ ya site na otu ogo. Nke a 80-fold dị iche iche na-egosiputa ihe mere mgbanwe mgbanwe oge nchekwa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ezi uche nchekwa nchekwa.
Okpomọkụ mgbanwe nke oge (PCT) bụ oke dị oke egwu. PCM dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ dị iche iche{{1} ụfọdụ na -5 ogo maka nchekwa oyi, ndị ọzọ karịrị ogo 150 maka usoro mmepụta ihe. Ihe na-anọgide na okpomọkụ mgbanwe a ruo mgbe mgbanwe oge niile ga-agwụ, na-enye nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ.
Thermal conductivityna-enye ihe ịma aka bụ isi. PCM dị ọcha na-enwekarị conductivity dị ala (0.2-0.5 W/m·K maka paraffins), nke na-ebelata mbufe okpomọkụ. Iji lebara nke a anya, ndị injinia na-agbakwunye ihe ndị na-eduzi dị ka graphite gbasaa, ụfụfụ ígwè, ma ọ bụ carbon nanotubes. Ndị a mejupụtara PCM nwere ike nweta conductivity ụkpụrụ gafere 2.5 W/m·K mgbe na-ejigide elu latent okpomọkụ ike.
Ụdị ihe eji agbanwe agba
PCM Organic
Paraffin wax na-achị ụdị a. E sitere na mmanụ ala, paraffin na-enye okpomọkụ mgbanwe oge sitere na - ogo 10 ruo ogo 70 . Ha na-egosipụta nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ n'elu ọtụtụ puku kpo oku - okirikiri jụrụ oyi, ihe anaghị emebi emebi, yana ndakọrịta na ọtụtụ ihe eji.
Paraffin azụmahịa a na-ahụkarị nke nwere ebe mgbaze gburugburu ogo 28 na-echekwa ihe dịka 200 kJ/kg nke okpomọkụ latent. Ngwa ahụ adịghị mma nke ukwuu ma na-egosi nkewa nke obere akụkụ. Otú ọ dị, paraffin nwere ihe ndọghachi azụ abụọ: obere okpomọkụ na ọkụ, na-eme ka ha ghara ekwesị maka ngwa okpomọkụ dị elu-.
Fatty acids na-anọchi anya klaasị organic ọzọ. Ihe ndị dị ka lauric acid (na-agbaze 44 degrees) na stearic acid (69 degrees) bụ ihe na-emebi emebi ma nweta ya site na ihe ọkụkụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ. Ha na-enye okpomọkụ latent n'etiti 150-180 kJ / kg na mma thermal conductivity karịa paraffins. Nnyocha na-egosi na acid fatty na-edobe 95% nke ikike nchekwa okpomọkụ ha mgbe 1,000 thermal cycles.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) na-eje ozi ngwa chọrọ mgbanwe. Site na nha molekụla sitere na 400 ruo 6,000, PEG dị iche iche na-ekpuchi okpomọkụ na-agbaze site na - ogo 10 ruo ogo 65 . Ngwa ahụ jikọtara nke ọma na polymers maka ụdị PCM kwụsiri ike nke na-adịghị agbapụta mgbe mmiri mmiri.
PCM inorganic
Nnu hydrates na-enye conductivity okpomọkụ dị elu (0.5-0.8 W/m·K) yana ike okpomọkụ latent karịa organics. Sodium sulfate decahydrate (nnu Glauber), na-agbaze na ogo 32, na-echekwa 254 kJ/kg-ihe dịka 25% karịa PCM organic atụnyere.
Ihe ịma aka bụ isi bụ ịdị jụụ. Nnu hydrates nwere ike ịnọgide na-mmiri mmiri 10-15 degrees n'okpuru ebe ha na-ajụ oyi belụsọ agbakwunyere ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. Calcium chloride hexahydrate na-egosi 40 ogo supercooling na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-agbakwụnye borax ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka kristal na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị.
Nkewa nke usoro na-eme mgbe ihe nnu na mmiri kewapụrụ n'oge usoro okirikiri ugboro ugboro, na-eweda arụmọrụ. Nnyocha nke 2024 nke Zhang chọpụtara na ịgbakwụnye ndị siri ike dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose belatara nkewa oge na calcium chloride hexahydrate site na 73% karịa okirikiri 500.
Alloys metal na-enye ngwa okpomọkụ dị elu{{0}. Aluminom{2}}silicon alloys (na-agbaze ~577 degrees) na bismuth{4}}nchịkọta ndu na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ike anyanwụ gbadoro anya. Ọla ọla ndị a na-enye conductivity thermal pụrụ iche (20-80 W/m·K) mana ọ na-eri 5-10 ugboro karịa organic uzo ozo.
Ngwakọta Eutectic
Ijikọta PCM abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-emepụta ihe mejupụtara eutectic nwere njirimara kachasị mma. A sodium nitrate{1}}potassium nitrate ngwakọta (60:40 ratio) na-agbaze na 220 degrees - dị ala karịa ma nke dị ọcha akụrụngwa - mgbe ọ na-ejigide 100 kJ/kg okpomọkụ latent. A na-eji ngwakọta "nnu anyanwụ" a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ike ọkụ.
Eutectics dabere na bio{{0} na aputa. Ngwakọta nke capric na acid lauric na-enweta ihe mgbaze n'etiti 15{5}25 degrees , dị mma maka iwulite njikwa okpomọkụ. Data ahịa 2025 na-egosi mmepe PCM dabere na bio-eto eto na 20% kwa afọ ka nchegbu nkwado na-abawanye.
Ngwa gafere ụlọ ọrụ
Ụlọ na ihe owuwu
Ụlọ na-eri 40% nke mkpokọta ike na mba ndị mepere emepe, dịka Ngalaba Maka Ike nke United States si kwuo. Ijikota PCM n'ime ihe owuwu na-ebelata oriri a site na 15-30% site na ụkpụrụ ikpo ọkụ.
PCM-bọọdụ ahụ emelitere na-edobe okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ n'etiti ogo 20-26 site n'ịnara oke okpomọkụ ụbọchị wee wepụta ya n'abalị. Nnyocha e mere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Europe chọpụtara na itinye PCM n'ime bọọdụ gypsum belatara ojiji ike HVAC site na 28% kwa afọ. Ngwa ahụ na-echekwa okpomọkụ mgbe ụlọ okpomọkụ karịrị ogo 23 wee hapụ ya mgbe okpomọkụ dara n'okpuru ogo 21, na-emepụta ihe nchekwa ọkụ na-achịkwa onwe ya.
Ngwa concrete na-egosi nsonaazụ dị egwu. Nnyocha na Mahadum Shanghai gosipụtara na PCM{1}concrete kwalitere ikike nchekwa ọkụ site na 50% ma e jiri ya tụnyere kọmpụta ọkọlọtọ. N'ebe ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, PCM ihe na-egbochi ikpo ọkụ site na ịmachi ọdịiche dị iche iche nke okpomọkụ n'ofe ihe nhazi siri ike.
Ahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka iwu ụlọ{{0}PCM agbakwunyere ruru ihe dị ka nde $420 na 2024, na-anọchi anya 35% nke mkpokọta PCM ahịa. A na-atụ anya na akụkụ a ga-eto na 16.7% CAGR site na 2030 ka koodu ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-esiwanye ike.
Njikwa okpomọkụ batrị
Batrị lithium{0}ion na-ebute oke ọkụ n'oge ana-akwụ ụgwọ{1}}mkpọsa cycles, na-eke ihe ịma aka njikwa okpomọkụ. Ogologo ọrụ kacha mma maka ọtụtụ batrị lithium{3}} bụ ogo 25-40; Okpomọkụ dị n'elu ogo 50 na-eme ka mmebi ahụ dịkwuo elu mgbe ọ dị n'okpuru ogo 0, nguzogide nke ime na-abawanye nke ọma.
PCM{0}}Sistemụ njikwa ọkụ batrị dabere (BTMS) na-agwa nke a na-enweghị ike mpụga. A na-emikpu ngwungwu batrị na PCM ma ọ bụ jiri jaket PCM gbara ya gburugburu. N'oge ọrụ ike dị elu{3}, PCM na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ site na agbaze, na-edobe okpomọkụ batrị n'okpuru ebe dị mkpa.
Nnwale nso nso a nabatrị lithium iron phosphatengwugwu gosipụtara arụmọrụ PCM. Ọmụmụ 2025 nwalere batrị obere akpa 500 Ah n'okpuru ọnụego mwepu 3C. Ngwakọ PCM{5}} metal foam ngwakọ debere oke okpomọkụ n'okpuru ogo 40.3 yana ọdịiche okpomọkụ dị naanị 2.8 degrees n'ofe sel. N'ịtụnyere, sistemu jụrụ oyi{9} ruru ogo 48 nwere ọdịiche dị ogo 17.2.
Ngwakọta PCM na-ebuli arụmọrụ. Paraffin agwakọta ya na graphite gbasawanye (10% n'ịdị arọ) na-enweta nrụpụta okpomọkụ nke 2.56 W/m·K-mmalite okpukpu 10- karịa paraffin dị ọcha. Ngwakọta ndị a wedara okpomoku ngwungwu batrị site na 25.77% na ọnụego mwepu 4C ebe ha na-achịkwa mgbanwe okpomọkụ cell na cell{9} n'ime ogo 5.
Ahịa ụgbọ ala eletrik na-ebute ihe ọhụrụ BTMS. Site n'ịre ahịa EV ga-eto 18% kwa afọ site na 2030, PCM{3} ihe ngwọta ọkụ na-enye ụzọ dị mfe, dị fechaa maka sistemu mmiri jụrụ oyi. Nnyocha na-egosi sistemu PCM na-agbakwunye naanị 3-5% na ibu batrị ka ọ na-ewepụ nfuli na pọmpụ dị mgbagwoju anya.
Eletrọnịkị Thermal Management
Igwe eletrọnịkị dị elu- na-eche ihu njupụta okpomọkụ karịrị 100 W/cm². Ụzọ jụrụ oyi n'ọdịnala na-agbasi mbọ ike na usoro mbelata na oke ọkụ. PCM na-enye nchekwa ọkụ n'oge spikes eji.
Ndị nhazi ekwentị na-ewepụta 8-12W n'oge ọrụ siri ike. Ihe nkiri PCM (0.5-1mm gbara ọkpụrụkpụ) agbakwunyere n'azụ ihe ngosi na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ a, na-egbochi okpomọkụ elu karịa ogo 42 - ọnụ ụzọ maka ahụ erughị ala onye ọrụ. PCM na-agbaze n'oge oke ibu ma na-agbazigharị n'oge oge enweghị ọrụ.
Ebe data na-anọchi anya mpaghara ngwa ngwa. Ndị sava na-enweta ibu ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe dabere na mkpa mgbakọ na mwepụ. Sistemu jụrụ oyi PCM na-ebelata okpomọkụ kacha elu site na ogo 15-20 ebe ọ na-ebelata oriri ike ikuku site na 30%. Otu ụlọ ọrụ dị na Frankfurt jikọtara PCM n'ime atụmatụ rack nkesa, na-enweta ego nchekwa ike kwa afọ $280,000.
Ngwa akwa na eyi
PCM Microencapsulated na akwa na-emepụta okpomọkụ{0}} na-achịkwa uwe. Microcapsules gburugburu (2-30 micrometers) nwere paraffin nwere ihe mgbaze ogo 28-32. Mgbe etinyere ya n'ime akwa, capsules ndị a na-etinye okpomọkụ ahụ n'elu okpomọkụ mgbanwe, na-enye mmetụta dị jụụ.
Uwe egwuregwu na-ejikọta PCM na-ebelata mmepụta ọsụsọ site na 48% dịka nyocha ụlọ nyocha. Teknụzụ ahụ gbatịrị ruo ngwa ahụike-PCM uwe mwụda na-enyere aka ijikwa okpomọkụ ahụ maka ndị ọrịa nwere nsogbu okpomọkụ.
Ngwa ndị agha na-eji uwe PCM maka ndị agha nọ na gburugburu ebe dị oke egwu. Ndị agha US nwalere jaket PCM na-edobe okpomọkụ dị mma maka awa 4-6 n'ọnọdụ ọnọdụ sitere na -10 ogo ruo ogo 45 na-enweghị kpo oku ma ọ bụ jụrụ oyi.
Nchekwa ike anyanwụ
Ụlọ ọrụ ike anyanwụ na-etinye uche (CSP) na-eji PCM maka nchekwa ike ọkụ. N'oge ìhè ehihie, enyo na-elekwasị anya na ìhè anyanwụ iji kpoo tankị nchekwa PCM. Okpomọkụ echekwara na-ebute uzuoku maka ọrụ turbine mgbe anyanwụ dara.
PCM dabere na nnu{0} na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na 200- ogo 400 achọrọ maka nrụpụta ike. Otu ụlọ ọrụ CSP dị na Spain na-eji 1,000 tọn sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate eutectic ngwakọta, na-echekwa okpomọkụ zuru oke iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik maka awa 7.5 ka anyanwụ dara. Nke a na-agbatị windo ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ site na awa 6 ruo 13.5 kwa ụbọchị.
Sistemu fotovoltaic - thermal (PV/T) na-ejikọta PCM n'azụ akụkụ anyanwụ. Ịrụ ọrụ panel na-agbada 0.5% kwa ogo Celsius karịa 25 degrees. PCM n'ígwé na-amịkọrọ oke okpomọkụ, na-edobe panel okpomọkụ 10-15 degrees nju oyi ma na-eme ka mmepụta eletrik site na 8-12%. Enwere ike nwetaghachi okpomọkụ echekwara maka mmepụta mmiri ọkụ, na-abawanye arụmọrụ usoro niile ruo 65% megide 20% maka ọkọlọtọ PV.
Chain oyi na nkwakọ ngwaahịa
PCM refrigerants na-edobe okpomọkụ{0} ibu na-enwe mmetụta n'oge njem. Companieslọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na-eji ngwugwu PCM nwere okpomọkụ mgbanwe ogo 2-8 maka mbupu ọgwụ mgbochi. Ihe ndị a na-enye awa 24-72 nke njikwa okpomọkụ na-enweghị ntinye ike.
Mmekọrịta 2024 n'etiti Cold Chain Teknụzụ na VPL Rx mepụtara nkwakọ ngwaahịa PCM smart yana nlekota ọnọdụ okpomọkụ agbakwunyere. Sistemu ahụ wepụrụ mmebi ọgwụ mgbochi n'oge njem site na 40% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ice{3}} jụrụ oyi dabere. Usoro PCM belatara ibu mbupu site na 35%, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa njem na ikuku carbon.
Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ nri gụnyere pane PCM n'ime gwongworo friji. Oghere ndị a na-amịkọrọ okpomọkụ n'oge oghere ọnụ ụzọ na nkwụsịtụ n'ụzọ, na-egbochi okpomọkụ. Nnwale nke ubi gosiri mbelata 60% na mgbanwe okpomọkụ yana 20% obere mmanụ ọkụ maka nkeji friji.
Ihe ịma aka nka na ihe ngwọta
Obere Thermal Conductivity
PCM organic dị ọcha na-eme ikpo ọkụ na-adịghị mma{{0}paraffin na 0.2 W/m·K na-ewe awa iji gbaze nke ọma n'akụkụ oke. Ụzọ atọ bụ isi nkwalite na-elebara nke a anya:
Eserese graphite (EG)na-emepụta matrix conductive. Mgbe PCM na-abanye n'ime oghere EG, nrụpụta okpomọkụ nke ihe mejupụtara ya na-abawanye ugboro 5-15. Ntinye EG 10% na-ebuli conductivity paraffin site na 0.2 ruo 2.5 W/m·K ka ọ na-ejigide 85% nke okpomọkụ latent mbụ.
Ọfụfụ ígwè(aluminom, ọla kọpa, nickel) na-enye ụzọ mbufe okpomoku atọ-. Ụfụ ọla kọpa na 5 pores kwa inch (PPI) na-abawanye arụmọrụ dị irè ruo 8 -12 W/m·K. Ọdịdị emeghe-cell na-enye ohere ịbanye PCM ka ọ na-emepụta netwọk igwe na-aga n'ihu maka ọsọ ọkụ.
Ihe mgbakwunye nanoparticlegbasaa site na PCM. Carbon nanotubes dị na 3% dị arọ na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ site na 300-400%. Agbanyeghị, nanomaterials na-abawanye viscosity na mgbagwoju anya nrụpụta.
Mgbochi oyi dị ukwuu
PCM inorganic na-anọgidekarị na mmiri mmiri 5-20 degrees n'okpuru ebe ha na-ajụ oyi. Nke a na-egbu oge ntọhapụ okpomọkụ ma belata nzaghachi usoro. Ngwọta gụnyere:
Ndị ọrụ nuklianye saịtị crystallization. Ịtinye 2-5% borax na sodium sulfate decahydrate na-ebelata supercooling site na ogo 12 ruo ogo 2. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nucleators maka nnu hydrates na 0.5-1% loading.
Ịdị njọ nke eluna containers na-akwalite heterogeneous nucleation. Akpa aluminom nwere ájá na-egosi 65% na-adịchaghị mma karịa ebe dị larịị.
Nkewa nke usoro
Nnụnụ hydrates na-ekewa n'ime nnu{0}}ọgaranya na mmiri{1}} ka ọ gachara ugboro ugboro. Nnu na-edozi, na-emepụta gradients mejupụtara nke na-emebi arụmọrụ.
Ihe ndị na-eme ka ahụ sie ikedị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose na-echekwa nkwusioru. Na 1-2% itinye uche, polymers ndị a na-ekesa ụmụ irighiri ihe nnu, na-agbatị ọrụ kwụsiri ike ruo 1,{3}} okirikiri na 50-100 na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ.
Mmiri ọzọna-akwụ ụgwọ maka mfu stoichiometric. Ịtinye 5-10% ngafe mmiri na calcium chloride hexahydrate na-egbochi mkpokọta siri ike, na-ejigide akụkụ mmiri mmiri na-eme ka ngwakọta.
Njide na ntapu
PCM mmiri mmiri chọrọ njide iji gbochie ntapu. Usoro encapsulation atọ na-elebara nke a anya:
Microencapsulation(1{3}1000 micrometers) uwe PCM n'ime shei polymer. Capsules na-anọgide na-emebibeghị mgbe isi gbazere, na-eme ka PCM banye n'ime ihe owuwu ụlọ, akwa akwa, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta. Ngwa shell gụnyere melamine-formaldehyde, polyurethane, ma ọ bụ acrylic polymers.
Macroencapsulation uses larger containers (>1 cm). Obere akpa rọba, ite igwe, ma ọ bụ akpa iko na-ejide mpịakọta PCM site na 50 ml ruo ọtụtụ lita. Usoro a dabara nke ọma ebe nchekwa ọkụ mana ọ na-agbakwunye ibu ibu.
Ụdị{0}}PCM kwụsiri ikekpochapụ arịa kpamkpam. A na-etinye PCM n'ime ihe ndị nwere oghere dị ka graphite gbasaa, ụwa diatomaceous, ma ọ bụ ụfụfụ polymer. Capillary Forces na elu esemokwu na-ejigide PCM mmiri mmiri n'ime oghere ahụ, na-egbochi ntapu ọbụna mgbe agbazere kpamkpam.
Uto na ntụzịaka ahịa
Ọnọdụ Ahịa ugbu a
Ahịa PCM zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru ijeri $1.6-3.0 na 2024 dabere na nkọwa ahịa. Atụmatụ uto sitere na 11.5% ruo 18% CAGR, nwere ike iru $4-10 ijeri site na 2032-2033.
North America na-eduga na $854.6 nde na PCM ahịa maka 2024, na-atụ anya na-eto eto na $3.1 ijeri site 2033. Europe na-esochi anya na mkpokọta 40% nke ụwa ahịa òkè. Eshia{6}Pacific na-egosi ọnụego uto kacha ngwa ngwa{7}} nke China, Japan, na India na-ebute{{8} ebe ime obodo na nnabata ume ọhụrụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta njikwa ọkụ.
Ndị na-emepụta isi gụnyere BASF, Honeywell, Rubitherm Teknụzụ, Ngwọta Ike Mgbanwe Oge, na Dow. Odida obodo asọmpi ka na-ekewa; Ọ dịghị otu onye ọkpụkpọ na-achịkwa karịa 15% òkè ahịa. Nkewa a na-egosipụta ọdịdị pụrụiche nke ngwa PCM{3}} ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche chọrọ usoro dị iche iche na ụzọ njikọta.
Ngwa na-apụta
Nlekọta okpomọkụ ahụikena-anọchi anya ahịa a na-emeghị eme. PCM vests na-achịkwa okpomọkụ ahụ maka ndị ọrịa nwere otutu sclerosis, nke mmetụta okpomọkụ ha na-emetụta njem. Nnwale ụlọ ọgwụ na-egosi uwe PCM na-agbatị oge ọrụ n'èzí site na awa 3-4 n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ.
Ngwa ikukuna-erigbu PCM's passive function. Satellites na-enweta okpomọkụ site na -150 degrees ruo +150 ogo ka ha na-agbagharị n'etiti ìhè anyanwụ na ndò. Sistemụ PCM na-edobe okpomọkụ akụrụngwa n'ime ogo ±5 na-enweghị ike oriri. Ebe ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ofesi na-eji pane PCM maka nhazi ọkụ na modul nnwale.
5G akụrụngwajụrụ oyi na-agwa ọgbọ okpomọkụ sitere na igwe eletrọnịkị dị elu{{0}ugboro. Ụlọ elu obere cell na-ebunye ike mgbako dị mkpa n'ime kọmpat kọmpat. Ihe ngwọta PCM jụrụ oyi na-ebelata ihe ndị chọrọ ntụ oyi na-arụ ọrụ site na 40-50%, na-ebelata ụgwọ ọrụ yana ịkwalite ntụkwasị obi na ebe nwere oke ike.
Ihe ohuru ohuru
PCM dabere na Bio{0} na-ekwu maka nchegbu nkwado. Ngwa ndị sitere na mmanụ osisi ma ọ bụ nri - ọkwa waxes na-ewepụ ndabere mmanụ ala wee kwalite njedebe{3}} nke- nrụgharị ndụ. Bio-oke ahịa PCM na-eto eto na 20% kwa afọ, n'agbanyeghị na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta na-anọgide 30-50% karịa ihe ndị ọzọ sịntetik.
PCM siri ike- na-ewepụ ihe ịma aka ijikwa mmiri mmiri. Ihe ndị a na-eme mgbanwe nhazi kristal na-enweghị agbaze. Polyethylene glycol - siri ike dabere-PCM siri ike na-arụ ọrụ site na -50 ogo ruo +175 ogo yana okpomoku latent nke 100-150 kJ/kg. Ha na-achọta ngwa n'ime textiles smart na ihe eji arụ ụlọ na-agbanwe agbanwe ebe enweghị ike ịnabata ntachi obi.
Nano{0} PCM emelitere na-aga n'ihu. Arụ ọrụ na nso nso a na mgbakwunye graphene na MXene na-egosi nkwalite nrụpụta okpomọkụ karịrị 15- na naanị 2-3% nbudata. Nanomaterials na-emekwa ka ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ, na-emepe ohere maka sistemụ PCM na-akpalite ọkụ.
Mgbalị Standardization
Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe enweghị ụkpụrụ nnwale ejikọtara ọnụ maka ịrụ ọrụ PCM na ịdịte aka. Ọrụ nke International Energy Agency's Task 42 hibere ụkpụrụ nduzi maka nha akụrụngwa okpomọkụ, mana nkuchi ka bụ nke afọ ofufo. Nhazi ga-eme ka uto ahịa dịkwuo elu site n'inye metrik arụmọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya maka ndị nrụpụta na ndị ọrụ njedebe-.
ISO na-emepụta ụkpụrụ maka PCM{0}} ihe eji ewu ụlọ, nke a na-atụ anya ibipụta na 2025{2}}2026. Ụkpụrụ ndị a ga-akọwapụta njirisi arụmọrụ kacha nta, ụkpụrụ nnwale, na ihe nchekwa chọrọ-karịsịa mkpa nyere nchegbu nchekwa ọkụ na PCM organic.
Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị
Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti PCM organic na inorganic?
PCM Organic (paraffins, fatty acids) na-enye ịrụ ọrụ ịgba ígwè kwụsiri ike yana ntakịrị ihe jụrụ oyi mana ha na-enwe mmetụta ikuku dị ala. PCM inorganic (nnu hydrates, ọla) na-enye conductivity dị elu na okpomọkụ latent mana ọ nwere ike ịnweta oke oyi na nkewa oge. Ọnụ - maara ihe, organics sitere na $2-8/kg ebe inorganics na-adịru $1-15/kg dabere na ịdị ọcha chọrọ. Nhọrọ a dabere na okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa, ugboro ịgba ígwè, yana mkpa oge nzaghachi okpomọkụ.
Ogologo oge ole ka ihe mgbanwe oge na-adịru?
PCM longevity varies by type and operating conditions. High-quality paraffins maintain >90% arụmọrụ mgbe 10,000 okirikiri. Nnụnụ hydrates na-enwetakarị 1,000{12}} 3,000 okirikiri a pụrụ ịdabere na ya tupu ha achọọ nnọchi. Na-ewu ngwa na 1 okirikiri kwa ụbọchị, nke a sụgharịrị 3-27 afọ nke ndụ ọrụ. Mmebi na-apụta site na ndakpọ kemịkalụ, nrụrụ akpa, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ihe eji nwayọ nwayọ. Nhọrọ nke ọma nke ngwakọta PCM-container na-agbatị ndụ ọrụ nke ukwuu.
Ndị PCM nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ?
PCM dị maka oke okpomọkụ sitere na - ogo 50 ruo +800 ogo . Ngwa okpomọkụ dị ala- na-eji mmiri- ngwakọta glycol ma ọ bụ organic pụrụ iche. Sistemu okpomọkụ{{8} dị elu na-eji nnu a wụrụ awụ ma ọ bụ alloys ọla. Isi ihe bụ dakọtara PCM agbaze ihe na ngwa chọrọ - na-ahọrọ PCT n'ime ogo 2-5 nke ọnọdụ okpomọkụ. Ngwa ụfọdụ na-eji ọtụtụ PCM n'usoro iji kpuchie oke okpomoku sara mbara ma ọ bụ nye nzaghachi okpomọkụ ahaziri ahazi.
Ihe ngbanwe usoro ọ dị mma?
Nchekwa dabere na ụdị PCM na ngwa. Nri{1} PCM (ụfọdụ acid fatty, polyethylene glycol) anaghị egbu egbu{{2}. Paraffin nwere ike ire ọkụ{4}}ọkụ na-egbochi ọkụ ma ọ bụ mkpuchi na-ebelata ihe egwu a. Nnu hydrates na-adịkarị mma mana ụfọdụ na-akpasu anụ ahụ iwe. Njide nke ọma na-egbochi ntapu na kọntaktị ozugbo. Nkwenye usoro iwu dịgasị iche site na mpaghara; dịka ọmụmaatụ, achọrọ nkwado FDA maka ngwa kọntaktị nri na United States. Ọtụtụ ngwaahịa PCM azụmahịa na-agụnye mpempe data nchekwa nwere ụkpụrụ njikwa.
Mgbanwe nke ihe na-agbanwe oge site na niche laabu curiosities gaa na ngwọta njikwa ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-egosipụta nnabata na-eto eto nke uru njikwa okpomọkụ. Mwekota PCM na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ ebe nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ na ịrụ ọrụ ike bụ ihe kacha mkpa. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ịma aka dị ka ọnụ ahịa na ịdịte aka chọrọ nlebara anya na-aga n'ihu, physics bụ isi nke nchekwa okpomọkụ latent na-ahụ na PCM ga-adị mkpa ka sistemu ike na-amalite. Teknụzụ ahụ na-enye uru siri ike na ngwa ebe sistemụ arụ ọrụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ihi ibu, ike, ma ọ bụ mmachi ntụkwasị obi{3} na-eme PCM ọ bụghị naanị usoro jụrụ oyi ọzọ, mana ọ na-abụkarị naanị ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu njikwa ọkụ.
